Total JAK1 assay principle

The Total-JAK1 assay quantifies the expression level of JAK1 in a cell lysate. Unlike Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis, or transfer. The Total-JAK1 assay uses two labeled antibodies: one coupled to a donor fluorophore, the other to an acceptor. Both antibodies are highly specific for a distinct epitope on the protein. In presence of JAK1 in a cell extract, the addition of these conjugates brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity with the acceptor and thereby generates a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein’s expression under a no-wash assay format.

Total-JAK1 2-plate assay protocol

The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis, then transferring lysates into a 384-well low volume detection plate before the addition of Total JAK1 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.

Total-JAK1 1-plate assay protocol

Detection of total JAK1 with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation, and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.

Total JAK1 down-regulation by siRNA

HEL92.1.7 cells were treated with 2.5 µM of Accell siRNA (Horizon) targeting specifically JAK1 or with a non-targeting siRNA (included as control) in a 96-well plate (200,000 cells/well) under 100 µL. After 48h incubation at 37°C, 50 µL of complete culture medium was added and the cells were incubated for an additional 24h-incubation at 37°C. After plate centrifugation, the cells were lysed with 50 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #4 (1X) and 16 µL of lysates were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF Total JAK1 detection antibodies. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation at RT.

Cell treatment with JAK1 siRNA led to a significant downregulation of JAK1 as highlighted by the 84% signal decrease compared to the cells transfected with the non-targeting siRNA.

HTRF Total JAK1 assay compared to Western Blot

HEL92.1.7 cells were cultured in a T175 flask in complete culture medium at 37°C, 5% CO2. After 72h incubation, the cells were lysed with 3 mL of supplemented lysis buffer #4 (1X) for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking.

Serial dilutions of the cell lysate were performed using supplemented lysis buffer, and 16 µL of each dilution were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of HTRF Total-JAK1 detection reagents. Equal amounts of lysates were used for a side by side comparison between HTRF and Western Blot.

A side by side comparison of Western Blot and HTRF demonstrates that the HTRF assay is 8-fold more sensitive than the Western Blot, at least under these experimental conditions.

Simplified JAK1 signaling pathway

JAK1 in combination with JAK2, JAK3, or Tyk2 interacts with different types of cytokine/interferon receptors (IL2, IL4, IL6 , IFN alpha and gamma). Upon cytokine activation, JAK1 and the other members of the JAK family transphosphorylate each other, and then activate the transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. In turn, they dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to trigger the transcription of genes regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and adapted immune response.