Total Cyclin B1 assay principle

The Total Cyclin B1 assay quantifies the expression level of Cyclin B1 in a cell lysate. Unlike Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis, or transfer. The Total Cyclin B1 assay uses two labeled antibodies, one coupled to a donor fluorophore and the other to an acceptor. Both antibodies are highly specific for a distinct epitope on the protein. In the presence of Cyclin B1 in a cell extract, the addition of these conjugates brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity with the acceptor and thereby generates a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein's expression under a no-wash assay format.

Total Cyclin B1 two-plate assay protocol

The two-plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis, then transferring lysates into a 384-well low volume detection plate before the addition of Total Cyclin B1 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.

Total Cyclin B1 one-plate assay protocol

Detection of Total Cyclin B1 with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation, and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.

Total Cyclin B1 modulation using Nocodazole

HeLa cells were cultured in a 96-well plate (20,000 cells/well) for 24h and then treated overnight with increasing concentrations of Nocodazole (cell cycle blocker halting cells at the G2/M border).

After cell lysis, 16 µL of lysates were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate, and 4 µL of the HTRF Phospho-Cyclin B1 (Ser126) or Total Cyclin B1 detection antibodies were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.
As expected, Nocodazole triggered a dose-dependent increase in total and phosphorylated Cyclin B1 at Ser126.

Pharmacological Modulation of Total Cyclin B1

HeLa cells were cultured in a 96-well plate (20,000 cells/well), treated overnight with 100 nM of Nocodazole (halting cells at the G2/M border), then treated with 10 µM of MG132 for 30 min followed by the addition of 9 µM of RO-3306 for 2 h compared to control.
After cell lysis, 16 µL of lysates were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate, and 4 µL of the HTRF Phospho-Cyclin B1 (Ser126) or Total Cyclin B1 detection antibodies were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.

As expected, Nocodazole with MG132 treatment blocks the cell cycle in G2/M, inducing an accumulation of phospho-Cyclin B1(Ser126) and Total Cyclin B1.
A co-treatment of Nocodazole and CDK1 inhibitor (RO-3306) induces a decrease in phospho (Ser126) and Total Cyclin B1 at a basal level, consistent with Cyclin B1 degradation.

In the latter condition, proteasome blocking with MG132 restores the level of phospho (Ser126) and Total Cyclin B1 by inhibiting Cyclin B1 degradation, as described by Vassilev et al., 2006. In fact, by inhibiting CDK1-Cyclin B1 activity RO-3306 could promote an exit from mitosis leading to a degradation of Cyclin B1.

Specificity of Total Cyclin B1 assay using siRNA knockdown experiments

HeLa cells were plated in a 96-well plate (20,000 cells/well) and cultured for 24h. The cells were then transfected with siRNAs specific for Cyclin B1 or Cyclin B2, as well as with a negative control siRNA. Following a 24h incubation, the medium was removed, and the cells were lysed. 16 µL of lysates were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate and 4 µL of the HTRF Total Cyclin B1 detection antibodies were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.

Cell transfection with Cyclin B1 siRNA led to a 94% signal decrease compared to the cells transfected with the negative siRNA. On the contrary, the knockdown of Cyclin B2 did not induce any signal decrease, demonstrating that the HTRF Total Cyclin B1 assay is specific for Cyclin B1 and does not cross-react with other Cyclin B family members.

Assessment of Total Cyclin B1 levels in various cell lines

Adherent  human cells HeLa, MCF7 and SH-SY5Y cells, were seeded at 50,000 cells/well in a 96-well microplate. After a 24h incubation, the cells were lysed with supplemented lysis buffer. 16 µL of lysate were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of the HTRF Total Cyclin B1 detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.

The HTRF Total Cyclin B1 assay efficiently detected Total Cyclin B1 in various cellular models expressing different levels of the protein.

HTRF Total Cyclin B1 assay compared to Western Blot

HeLa cells were cultured in a T175 flask in complete culture medium at 37°C, 5% CO2. After 48h of incubation, the cells were lysed with 3 mL of supplemented lysis buffer #1 (1X) for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking.

Serial dilutions of the cell lysate were performed using supplemented lysis buffer, and 16 µL of each dilution were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of HTRF Total Cyclin B1 (Ser126) detection reagents. Equal amounts of lysates were used for a side-by-side comparison between HTRF and Western Blot.

Using the HTRF Total Cyclin B1 assay, 1560 cells/well were enough to detect a significant signal, while 6250 cells were needed to obtain a minimal chemiluminescent signal using Western Blot. Therefore, in these conditions, the HTRF Total Cyclin B1 assay was 4 times as sensitive as the Western Blot technique.

Cyclin B1 assay Signaling Pathway

Cyclin B1 is a protein involved in regulation of cell cycle progression througth the G2/M-phase checkpoint allowing mitosis.
Synthesis of cyclin B1 during the S and G2 phases and activation of CDK1 via Thr161 phosphorylation by CAK leads to the assembly of Cdk1–Cyclin B1 heterodimers that translocates to the nucleus. The entry of cells into mitosis is preceded by activation of CDK1, and phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 at Ser126 position.

Once in the nucleus, this activated complex then phosphorylates mitotic substrate proteins, and triggers the initiation of mitotic changes like chromosome condensation and nuclear membrane breakdown, essential for cells to enter mitosis.
The degradation of cyclin B1 is required for inactivation of the kinase and exit from mitosis, in this way Cyclin B1 is degraded by the proteasome through the the ubiquitin pathway.