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HTRF Human and Mouse Phospho-EIF2α (Ser52) Detection kit, 500 Assay Points

Eif2a P-s52 Kit - 50,000 Tests

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. All products to be used in accordance with applicable laws and regulations including without limitation, consumption and disposal requirements under European REACH regulations (EC 1907/2006).

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Feature Specification
Application Cell Signaling
Sample Volume 16 µL

Eif2a P-s52 Kit - 50,000 Tests

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. All products to be used in accordance with applicable laws and regulations including without limitation, consumption and disposal requirements under European REACH regulations (EC 1907/2006).

Click to copy promo code to clipboard.
SAVE 15% NOW on online orders. Use promo code below.
YEAREND15
Offer valid until 12/15. Terms and conditions apply.
Product Variants
Unit Size: 500 Assay Points
Part #:
64EF2PEG
List Price
USD 2,147.00
Unit Size: 10,000 Assay Points
Part #:
64EF2PEH
List Price
USD 12,490.00

Overview

The phospho-EIF2 alpha assay is designed for the cell-based quantitative detection of Ser52 phosphorylation on EIF2 alpha. In NASH, lipid accumulation in hepatocytes (steatosis) induces oxidative and ER stresses, resulting in an increase in Phospho-EIF2alpha (Ser52). Phosphorylated EIF2alpha reduces global protein synthesis and activates ATF4 (Activating Transcription Factor 4), which modulates the expression of specific genes involved in the regulation of metabolism, nutrient uptake, the redox status of cells, and apoptosis.

Specifications

Application
Cell Signaling
Brand
HTRF
Detection Modality
HTRF
Lysis Buffer Compatibility
Lysis Buffer 1
Lysis Buffer 4
Lysis Buffer 5
Molecular Modification
Phosphorylation
Product Group
Kit
Sample Volume
16 µL
Shipping Conditions
Shipped in Dry Ice
Target Class
Phosphoproteins
Target Species
Human
Mouse
Technology
TR-FRET
Therapeutic Area
Metabolism/Diabetes
NASH/Fibrosis
Unit Size
500 Assay Points

Video gallery

How it works

Phospho-EIF2 alpha (Ser52) assay principle

The Phospho-EIF2 alpha (Ser52) assay measures EIF2 alpha when phosphorylated at Ser52. Contrary to Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis or transfer. The Phospho-EIF2 alpha (Ser52) assay uses 2 labeled antibodies: one with a donor fluorophore, the other one with an acceptor. The first antibody is selected for its specific binding to the phosphorylated motif on the protein, the second for its ability to recognize the protein independent of its phosphorylation state. Protein phosphorylation enables an immune-complex formation involving both labeled antibodies and which brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity to the acceptor, thereby generating a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of phosphorylated protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein’s phosphorylation state under a no-wash assay format.

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Phospho-EIF2 alpha (Ser52) 2-plate assay protocol

The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis then transferring lysates to a 384-well low volume detection plate before adding Phospho-EIF2 alpha (Ser52) HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.

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Phospho-EIF2 alpha (Ser52) 1-plate assay protocol

Detection of Phosphorylated EIF2 alpha (Ser52) with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.

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Assay validation

HTRF vs WB Phospho-EIF2a assay on human HeLa cells

HeLa cells were grown in a T175 cm² flask for 2 days in MEM alpha medium supplemented with 10% FBS. The cells were treated for 10 minutes with 100 nM Calyculin A at 37°C before lysis with 3 mL of 1X supplemented lysis buffer #4. The cell lysate was serially diluted in the supplemented lysis buffer #4 and 16 µL of each dilution were analyzed in parallel by HTRF or by Western Blot. Results show the HTRF Phoshpo-EIF2a assay is 16 fold more sensitive than the Western Blot technique.

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Pharmaco effects of Febrifugine on Total and Phospho (Ser52) EIF2a

HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Febrifugine. After lysis, lysates were transferred over into a low volume white microplate before adding 4 µL of the HTRF phospho EIF2 alpha or total EIF2 alpha detection antibodies. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.Febrifugine treatment induces a good increase in EIF2 alpha phosphorylation on Ser52, while its expression level remains stable.

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Pharmaco effects of Thapsigargin on Total and Phospho (Ser52) EIF2a

Dose response experiments were performed on HepG2 cells with Thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+/ATPase by inducing ER stress. Using the two plate protocol, cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Thapsigargin and lysed. Lysates were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate before finally adding HTRF phospho-EIF2 alpha or total EIF2 alpha detection antibodies. Results showed EIF2 alpha expression level remains stable, demonstrating that there is no cytotoxic effect of the compound on cells.

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Pharmaco effects of GSK2606414 on Total and Phospho (Ser52) EIF2a

HepG2 and C2C12 cells were cultured and treated with increasing concentrations of GSK2606414, a selective PERK inhibitor, before activation with 500 nM Thapsigargin. After medium removal, the cells were lysed and 16 µL of lysate were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate before adding 4 µL of the HTRF phospho EIF2 alpha or total EIF2 alpha detection antibodies. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.

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Pharmaco effects of Palmitate on Total and Phospho (Ser52) EIF2a

Dose response experiments were performed on HepG2 cells with a solution of palmitate conjugated to BSA using the two plate assay protocol. Cells were then treated with increasing concentrations of palmitate/BSA for 6 hours at 37°C - 5% CO2. After lysis buffer, 16 µL of lysate were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate before finally adding phospho EIF2 alpha or total EIF2 alpha detection antibodies. The HTRF signal was recorded and by way of a 2-way ANOVA test, results demonstrated Palmitate induces a good, significant increase in the phosphorylation of EIF2 alpha on SER52.

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Simplified pathway

Function and regulation of EIF2alpha

EIF2 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2) is required in the initiation of protein translation by transferring the initiator methionyl tRNA to the 40S Ribosomal subunit of the ribosome. Phosphorylation of the EIF2 alpha subunit is a mechanism which downregulates global protein synthesis under a variety of cellular stress conditions, enabling cells to conserve resources, while a new gene expression program is adopted to prevent stress damage. There are various cellular stresses, such as Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, amino acid deficiency, or oxidative stress. Four kinases can phosphorylate EIF2 alpha in response to a distinct type of stress(es): HRI (heme deprivation in erythroid cells), GCN2 (amino acid deficiency and nutrient deprivation), PKR (viral infection), and PERK (ER stress).

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